Weight loss in 3 weeks on cambridge diet -

Weight loss in 3 weeks on cambridge diet
(2015) Determinants of Weight Gain Prevention in Young Adult and Midlife Women: Study Design and Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2016) Long-term effect of exercise on improving fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adults: A 1-year follow-up study. In addition, the participants assigned to the diet that was high in protein with a low glycemic index continued to lose weight after the initial weight loss. Y. 2015. Figure 2 Total 24-Hour Urinary Nitrogen Excretion and Changes in Body Weight. 2, and 14. Pace, Sheila E. Ito, Harold E. A. Discussion In this study, the rate of completion of the intervention and the rate of maintenance of weight loss were higher among participants who were assigned to the high-protein diets and to the low-glycemic-index diets than among those who were assigned to the low-protein diets and to the high-glycemic-index diets (with no restrictions on energy intake in any of the diets). Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity. CrossRef 50 Deepinder Goyal, Rabindra R. Siri-Tarino, Sally Chiu, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M. CrossRef 46 Snigdha Misra, Geok L Khor, Peter Mitchell, Samsul Haque, David Benton. Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial. Niu, S. (2016) Physical Activity and Dietary Determinants of Weight Loss Success in the US General Population. Gordon, D. G. Wu. Lifestyle Issues: Diet. CrossRef 176 Edmund Huang, Michael Shye, David Elashoff, Alireza Mehrnia, Suphamai Bunnapradist. Forouhi. (2016) Using a wider lens to shift the discourse on food in Canadian curriculum policies. Reported energy intakes and physical activity were similar among the diet groups. Article Activity 272 articles have cited this article Article The importance of the composition of a diet for the prevention and management of obesity is debated. After 12 months, all groups, on average, slowly regained body weight. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 68:23, 2505-2507. Craving, fullness, and hunger and diet-satisfaction scores were similar at 6 months and at 2 years among the diets (Table 2 in the Supplementary Appendix ). (2016) PREVIEW Behavior Modification Intervention Toolbox (PREMIT): A Study Protocol for a Psychological Element of a Multicenter Project. Hurt, Jithinraj Edakkanambeth Varayil, Jon O. Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. However, subgroup analyses suggested that the high-protein diets were more effective at the shop centers, whereas the low-glycemic-index effect was greater at the instruction centers. The principal investigator at each study center collected the local data, which were entered into a data-registration system (EpiData) 12 and transferred to a central data hub. The study was approved by the human subjects committee at each institution and by a data and safety monitoring board appointed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Obesity and Diabetes. CrossRef 23 Sunita M. Malhotra, K. Wingard, Sara Wilcox, Edward A. Citing Articles 1 Nicola Guess. e10. Cohen, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Jaime Davidson, Daniel Einhorn, Om Ganda, Alan Garber, W. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis in which long-term weight loss for persons who withdrew from the study early (after at least 6 months of participation) was imputed on the basis of a rate of 0. Krauss. It was assumed that the correlation between weight regain at two visits decreased with the number of weeks between the visits and that the decrease per week was constant. Laitner, Michael G. Abstract Background Studies of weight-control diets that are high in protein or low in glycemic index have reached varied conclusions, probably owing to the fact that the studies had insufficient power. Bazzano. e. Nonas, F. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 9:6, S1-S122. Krauss. A two-year randomized weight loss trial comparing a vegan diet to a more moderate low-fat diet. Sacks is a member of the Lifestyle Working Group of the Expert Panel that interacts with the Obesity Committee. Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. (2015) A pilot study to determine the short-term effects of milk with differing glycaemic properties on sleep among toddlers: a randomised controlled trial. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28:1, 38-43. (2015) An energy-reduced dietary pattern, including moderate protein and increased nonfat dairy intake combined with walking promotes beneficial body composition and metabolic changes in women with excess adiposity: a randomized comparative trial. L. Farrell. CrossRef 78 Stefan M. Dr. H. Amore, M. Vassy, Tanya Agurs-Collins,. Menendez, Jorge Joven. Hu, L. (2014) Dietary Patterns May Sustain Weight Loss among Adults. CrossRef 113 Lee Hooper, Nicole Martin, Asmaa Abdelhamid, George Davey Smith, Lee Hooper. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45:3, 581-604. Glycemic response and health -- a systematic review and meta-analysis: relations between dietary glycemic properties and health outcomes. M. Stefan Lohmander, Arne Astrup, Henning Bliddal. CrossRef 199 Barbara Grube, Wen-Fen Chong, Pee-Win Chong, Linda Riede. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 19:4, 289-293. Since there were no differences in fiber intake, the difference in body weight, though small, can be ascribed to a true effect of the glycemic index. (2016) NAFLD and liver transplantation: Current burden and expected challenges. Modern statistical methods for handling missing repeated measurements in obesity trial data: beyond LOCF. Longo, Michelle Harvie. A. Aronne. (2015) Dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio and added sugar as determinants of excessive gestational weight gain: a prospective cohort study. CrossRef 101 Vivek Kumbhari, Andreas Oberbach, Ashish Nimgaonkar. Clifton, Leodevico L. L. ). Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 11, 431-435. Dinani, Richard I. 1 in the Supplementary Appendix ). CrossRef 54 L. The goal for physical activity was 90 minutes of moderate exercise per week. Ziegler, E. After completion of this phase of the study, 773 participants entered the weight-maintenance phase ( Figure 1 Figure 1 Screening, Randomization, and Follow-up of Study Participants. Kramer. A. The analyses were adjusted for the body-mass index at the time of randomization and the change in body weight from the beginning of the low-calorie-diet phase to the time of randomization as covariates and diet group, sex, and type of center (shop or instruction) as factors. Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity, 447-458. CrossRef 164 Deirdre Tobias, Wei Bao. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, June Stevens, Victor J. (2016) Two-year changes in circulating adiponectin, ectopic fat distribution and body composition in response to weight-loss diets: the POUNDS Lost Trial. Nickols-Richardson. (2014) Eat for Life: A Work Site Feasibility Study of a Novel Mindfulness-Based Intuitive Eating Intervention. (2016) Complex Relationships Between Food, Diet, and the Microbiome. 2014. CrossRef 21 W Ma, T Huang, M Wang, Y Zheng, T Wang, Y Heianza, D Sun, S R Smith, G A Bray, F M Sacks, L Qi. (2016) Metabolic syndrome, diet and exercise. (2016) Exposing the exposures responsible for type 2 diabetes and obesity. (2015) NIH working group report: Innovative research to improve maintenance of weight loss. e. Telem, Darragh Herlihy, Kathryn Cottell, Aurora D. Halford. CrossRef 8 Shivakumar Chitturi, Geoffrey C. CrossRef 191 I-Chi Cheng, Shu-Chen Wei, Sung-Ling Yeh, Weu Wang. 2015. Participants were randomly assigned, in a two-by-two factorial design, to one of five ad libitum diets to prevent weight regain over a 26-week period: a low-protein and low-glycemic-index diet, a low-protein and high-glycemic-index diet, a high-protein and low-glycemic-index diet, a high-protein and high-glycemic-index diet, or a control diet. Arden. Scott Lapinski, Mariana Lazo, John H. (2015) Effect of Weight Maintenance on Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis in Obese Patients: A Twelve-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Rinaldo, E. (2016) NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment. The principal finding is that the diets were equally successful in promoting clinically meaningful weight loss and the maintenance of weight loss over the course of 2 years. CrossRef 118 O. (2015) Prospective associations and population impact of sweet beverage intake and type 2 diabetes, and effects of substitutions with alternative beverages. Methods We enrolled overweight adults from eight European countries who had lost at least 8% of their initial body weight with a 3. ) Full Text of Discussion. Fuss, Edward Saltzman, Susan B. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38:6, 555-610. A. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. A. Participants had to be 30 to 70 years of age and have a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 to 40. Livesey, S. 2015. 2016. Bloom. Williams, K. I. V. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. (2015) Effects of a Macro-Nutrient Preload on Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 43:1, 145-158. Pryor. (2016) The Impact of Gender and Protein Intake on the Success of Weight Maintenance and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Benefits, Independent of the Mode of Food Provision: The DiOGenes Randomized Trial. 2015. The role of dietary energy density in weight management. House, Harold M. Astrup, N. 17% of total energy consumed), with a glycemic index between the high-glycemic-index and low-glycemic-index diets. Ziegler, E. 2 percentage points, respectively, at 2 years. Keller. Citing Articles 1 Goreti Botelho, Sara Canas, Jorge Lameiras. Barte, Jorien Veldwijk, Pedro J. CrossRef 137 Michelle Crino, Gary Sacks, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Boyd Swinburn, Bruce Neal. (2016) Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance. Wong, M. C. CrossRef 73 A Astrup, A Raben, N Geiker. Alternatives for macronutrient intake and chronic disease: a comparison of the OmniHeart diets with popular diets and with dietary recommendations. Carbohydrate restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective in promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids. Mattes, Robin M. B. Thijs, S. CrossRef 133 H P F Peters, W P Koppenol, E A H Schuring, S L Abrahamse, D J Mela. (2015) Interventions to Address Medical Conditions and Health-Risk Behaviors Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Review. Dietary fat is not a major determinant of body fat. Kurland, Stefan Judex. M. (2014) Independent, additive effects of five dietary variables on. Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss. CrossRef 91 Daniela Lucini, Giovanna Cesana, Chiara Vigo, Mara Malacarne, Massimo Pagani. Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women. Augustin, Laura Chiavaroli, Janice Campbell, Adish Ezatagha, Alexandra L. S. Dietary intake in the lower Mississippi delta region: results from the Foods of Our Delta Study. Goldberg, Anton Stalenhoef. (2016) Surgical Weight Loss and Atrial Fibrillation. The participants who completed the study had a mean weight loss of 6. (2015) Determining how best to support overweight adults to adhere to lifestyle change: protocol for the SWIFT study. 12,24,37,38 These findings together point to behavioral factors rather than macronutrient metabolism as the main influences on weight loss. (2016) Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism. Higher dietary adherence might have resulted in even greater weight loss. CrossRef 70 F. (2014) The low-carbohydrate diet and cardiovascular risk factors: Evidence from epidemiologic studies. Discussion In this population-based trial, participants were assigned to and taught about diets that emphasized different contents of carbohydrates, fat, and protein and were given reinforcement for 2 years through group and individual sessions. (2016) Nutrition Interventions for Obesity. Ard. Brown. The participants were eager to lose weight and to attempt whatever type of diet they were assigned, and they did well in screening interviews and questionnaires that evaluated their motivation. Comparative effects of three popular diets on lipids, endothelial function, and C-reactive protein during weight maintenance. Overall, these findings with respect to adherence to macronutrient goals suggest that participants in weight-loss programs revert to their customary macronutrient intakes over time but may nonetheless be able to maintain weight loss. CrossRef 20 Yoriko Heianza, Wenjie Ma, Tao Huang, Tiange Wang, Yan Zheng, Steven R. 7 glycemic-index units between the low-glycemic-index and the high-glycemic-index groups. 9 However, previous studies were designed to investigate weight loss, not weight maintenance, rendering direct comparisons difficult. Piepoli, Piotr Ponikowski, Per Anton Sirnes, Juan Luis Tamargo, Michal Tendera, Adam Torbicki, William Wijns, Stephan Windecker, Guy De Backer, Per Anton Sirnes, Eduardo Alegria Ezquerra, Angelo Avogaro, Lina Badimon, Elena Baranova, Helmut Baumgartner, John Betteridge, Antonio Ceriello, Robert Fagard, Christian Funck-Brentano, Dietrich C. 2017. CrossRef 18 Arne Astrup, Jennie Brand-Miller, David J A Jenkins, Geoffrey Livesey, Walter C Willett. A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women. Conformity to cultural norms, scientific novelty, and media attention are nonbiologic reasons for the success of specific diets. Molecular Targets and Strategies in Cancer Prevention, 117-149. Bays, W. CrossRef 89 (2015) Obesity and reproduction: a committee opinion. Seimon, N. Evans, R. (2014) A randomized trial to manipulate the quality instead of quantity of dietary proteins to influence the markers of satiety. Other goals for all groups were that the diets should include 8% or less of saturated fat, at least 20 g of dietary fiber per day, and 150 mg or less of cholesterol per 1000 kcal. Steffen, L. Franks, M. Willett. Krumhar. Sanders. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45:3, 581-604. Blood pressure was measured with the use of an automated device (HEM-907XL, Omron). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 36:9, S6-S15. All five diets were designed to have a moderate fat content (25 to 30% of total energy consumed) with no restrictions on energy intake (i. The crucial question is whether overweight people have a better response in the long term to diets that emphasize a specific macronutrient composition. (2016) Metabolic Syndrome: An Evolving Clinical Construct. CrossRef 138 R. P. Santos. E. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Staff and participants were taught that each diet adhered to principles of a healthful diet 29 and that each had been recommended for long-term weight loss, thereby establishing equipoise. Thus, a low-fat intake of 25% was associated with increased weight loss in the low-fat groups but not in the high-fat groups, and a high-protein intake of 24 to 25% was associated with increased weight loss in the high-protein groups but not in the average-protein groups. Jones, Penny Kris-Etherton, Geeta Sikand, Ralph La Forge, Stephen R. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. Wingo, T. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016, 1-6. (2014) Incidence of Conversion to Active Waitlist Status Among Temporarily Inactive Obese Renal Transplant Candidates. (2016) Weight loss predictability by plasma metabolic signatures in adults with obesity and morbid obesity of the DiOGenes study. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes were also analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle, with zero change from baseline imputed for missing data. The primary outcome was the change in body weight after 2 years in two-by-two factorial comparisons of low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein and in the comparison of highest and lowest carbohydrate content. (ClinicalTrials. Jouret, R. Hoes, Paulus Kirchhof, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ales Linhart, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Massimo F. Montella. Stanton. CrossRef 53 Deborah L. Ebbert. Participants Our goal was to recruit 800 overweight and obese subjects (400 at each site), of whom about 40% would be men. 13 Moore CS, Lindroos AK, Kreutzer M, et al. (2016) Nutrition Interventions for Obesity. R. (2016) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and 10-year incidence (2002-2012) of diabetes: correlations with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the ATTICA cohort study. Zeegers, Claus Holst, Ping Wang, Arne Astrup, Wim H. Measurements Body weight and waist circumference were measured in the morning before breakfast on 2 days at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years, and on a single day at 12 and 18 months. CrossRef 174 Richard D. Ebbeling. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 12:9, 1640-1645. CrossRef 74 Robin Christensen, Marius Henriksen, Anthony R. Nalliah, Prashanthan Sanders. Ard, Gary Miller, Scott Kahan. Tapsell. To account for bias resulting from different rates of dropout among the groups, we used a mixed model to evaluate the weight changes (assessed at eight time points during the 26-week intervention). The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Saris, Arne Astrup. Treatment of obesity: lifestyle and pharmacotherapy. CrossRef 39 Elena Arranz, Milena Corredig, Anilda Guri. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A to Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. A self-regulation program for maintenance of weight loss. Marchesini. The diets consisted of similar foods and met guidelines for cardiovascular health. Conclusions Reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize. A. Millen, Cathy A. Adherence, Diet Acceptability, Satiety, and Satisfaction Mean reported intakes at 6 months and 2 years did not reach the target levels for macronutrients ( Table 2 ). Dietary strategy to manipulate ad libitum macronutrient intake, and glycaemic index, across eight European countries in the Diogenes Study. CrossRef 119 Harry Preuss, Dallas Clouatre. Potential of Diet and Dietary Supplementation to Ameliorate the Chronic Clinical Perturbations of Metabolic Syndrome. Sainsbury, I. (2015) The diet-heart hypothesis, obesity and diabetes. Effects of Different Dietary Fibers on Sugar-Induced Blood Pressure Elevations in Hypertensive Rats: Focus on Viscosity. (2016) Potential anti-obesity effects of a long-acting cocaine hydrolase. Daumit. In both analyses, we adjusted for the same covariates as in the intention-to-treat analysis described above, as well as for the length of time between randomization and the end of the intervention. Ikizler, L. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. CrossRef 161 B. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45:3, 565-580. CrossRef 159 Peter C. (2016) Through Thick and Thin: Identifying Barriers to Bariatric Surgery, Weight Loss Maintenance, and Tailoring Obesity Treatment for the Future. The intention-to-treat analysis included data from all participants who underwent randomization. Ebeling, Kerrie M. Blot, T. M. CrossRef 149 Adela Hruby, Frank B. CrossRef 58 David Houghton, Christopher Stewart, Christopher Day, Michael Trenell. Ibrahim, Peter Zahradka, Carla G. Simpson, David Raubenheimer. 11 Coding of food according to the glycemic index was performed separately from coding according to nutrient intake. Randomized trial on protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Virgil Brown. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116:6, 968-983. Effect of normal-fat diets, either medium or high in protein, on body weight in overweight subjects: a randomised 1-year trial. Caligiuri, Shyamchand Mayengbam, Naser H. The number of adverse events was lower in the group assigned to the diet that was low in protein with a high glycemic index than in any of the other groups, but the pattern of adverse events does not suggest any causal relation to the diet (for further details on adverse events, see the Supplementary Appendix ). The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins, 221-232. KALMAN. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 35, 81-92. Despite issues of adherence, we believe that our results are generalizable to obese people, particularly if diets are facilitated by easy access to low-glycemic-index foods and a culture that supports these dietary changes. John Sutton. (2014) Lifestyle Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Diet Composition, Food Provision, and Treatment Modality on Weight Loss. Wolfe, Susan Z. The authors attest that the study was performed in accordance with the protocol and the statistical analysis plan. org. CrossRef 94 Harry Preuss, Debasis Bagchi, Dallas Clouatre, Anand Swaroop, Nicholas Perricone. Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 41-52. CrossRef 36 A. (2016) Dietary protein from different food sources, incident metabolic syndrome and changes in its components: An 11-year longitudinal study in healthy community-dwelling adults. Effect on 24-h energy expenditure of a moderate-fat diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids compared with that of a low-fat, carbohydrate-rich diet: a 6-mo controlled dietary intervention trial. Roberts. CrossRef 116 Chunlong Mu, Yuxiang Yang, Zhen Luo, Weiyun Zhu. CrossRef 14 Lee Margolis, Donato Rivas, Yassine Ezzyat, Erin Gaffney-Stomberg, Andrew Young, James McClung, Roger Fielding, Stefan Pasiakos. CrossRef 35 Eleni Karfopoulou, Dora Brikou, Eirini Mamalaki, Fragiskos Bersimis, Costas A. (2015) Saturated Fats Versus Polyunsaturated Fats Versus Carbohydrates for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. The differences that were achieved in the study were 5. CrossRef 182 Mariana Verdelho Machado, Helena Cortez-Pinto. (2016) Randomized clinical trial of portion-controlled prepackaged foods to promote weight loss. Only two trials have reported dietary intake beyond 1 year, 12,26 and one of them provided foods to the participants. Sacks is also vice-chair of the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association, which advises the Association on nutrition topics, including those related to overweight and obesity. (2016) Higher protein intake is associated with increased risk for incident end-stage renal disease among blacks with diabetes in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Statistical Analysis The primary outcome of the study was the change in body weight over a period of 2 years, and the secondary outcome was the change in waist circumference. Azrin, Denise Juliano-Bult, Gail L. In conclusion, in this large, randomized study, a diet that was moderately high in protein content and slightly reduced in glycemic index improved the rate of completion of the intervention and maintenance of weight loss and therefore appears to be ideal for the prevention of weight regain. Stevens. CrossRef 151 Mitsuyoshi Takahara, Iichiro Shimomura. (2015) Weight Loss Is a Useful Therapeutic Objective. Changes from baseline differed among the diet groups by less than 0. 3 kg per month of regained weight 34 and a rate of 0. (2014) Weight loss maintenance in overweight subjects on ad libitum diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index: the DIOGENES trial 12-month results. CrossRef 85 Tao Huang, Frank B Hu. (2014) Eating patterns, diet quality and energy balance: An introduction to an international conference. (2015) Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial. Satiety, hunger, satisfaction with the diet, and attendance at group sessions were similar for all diets. Thus, changes in biomarkers confirmed that differences among the groups in macronutrient intake were consistent with those recorded in the dietary reports and that participants modified their intake of macronutrients in the direction of the goals, although the targets were not fully achieved. e1. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 15, 317-327. 3 cm per month of regained waist circumference after withdrawal (see Methods in the Supplementary Appendix ). Visits for dietary counseling took place every other week during the first 6 weeks and monthly thereafter. Study participants who attended two thirds of the sessions over the course of 2 years lost about 9 kg of weight. CrossRef 73 Donevan Westerveld, Dennis Yang. (2016) Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. 7:8, 3319-3336. CrossRef 86 Deirdre K Tobias, Mu Chen, JoAnn E Manson, David S Ludwig, Walter Willett, Frank B Hu. (2016) The Role of Macronutrient Content in the Diet for Weight Management. (2014) Personalized nutrition and obesity. Briand, J. (2014) Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution. Reynolds, T. Tucker. (2016) Behavioral Treatment of the Patient with Obesity. Johnstone, Jason C. Nonas, F. 7, 1. This difference is consistent with results from a previous study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63:25, 2985-3023. M. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. Yanovski. CrossRef 90 Shelby Sullivan, Nitin Kumar, Steven A. (2015) Predictors of a successful medical weight loss program. (2014) Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on Plasma Lipid Levels and the Consequence for Cardiovascular Disease. CrossRef 5 Javier Parada, Jose L. (2015) Reducing weight in an internal medicine outpatient clinic using a lifestyle medicine approach: A proof of concept. The study had a large sample, a high rate of retention, and the sensitivity to detect small changes in weight. Mariotti. 2015. J. CrossRef 157 Harry Preuss, Jeffrey Preuss. De Laurentiis, M. Driver, Neil J. Effect of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Halldorsson, A. Krystal. (2014) The Effects of a Mediterranean Diet on the Need for Diabetes Drugs and Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial. Riccardi, A. The diets improved lipid risk factors and fasting insulin levels in the directions that would be expected on the basis of macronutrient content. (2016) Meta-analysis of variance: an illustration comparing the effects of two dietary interventions on variability in weight. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. (2016) The therapeutic potential of metabolic hormones in the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. Seeley, Tamara Darsow, Erika Gebel Berg, Steven R. (2016) Endoscopic Devices for Obesity. 1-kg greater weight loss with low-glycemic-index diets than with high-glycemic-index diets. Byrne. (2014) Treatment options for hypertriglyceridemia: From risk reduction to pancreatitis. We used a generic approach to developing each diet and the instructions for following it, in order to minimize such influences. CrossRef 50 Monica Jane, Jonathan Foster, Martin Hagger, Sebely Pal. They were informed that the study would be comparing diets with different fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents and that they would be assigned a diet at random. Participation in exercise was monitored by questionnaire 30 and by the online self-monitoring tool. Protein Intake Throughout Life and Current Dietary Recommendations. (2014) Causes of metabolic syndrome and obesity-related co-morbidities Part 1: A composite unifying theory review of human-specific co-adaptations to brain energy consumption. (2015) The Influence on Population Weight Gain and Obesity of the Macronutrient Composition and Energy Density of the Food Supply. CrossRef 17 Paul Arciero, Rohan Edmonds, Feng He, Emery Ward, Eric Gumpricht, Alex Mohr, Michael Ormsbee, Arne Astrup. Kjekshus, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Eli Lev, Christian Mueller, Ludwig Neyses, Peter M. CrossRef 105 Lee Hooper, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Diane Bunn, Tracey Brown, Carolyn D Summerbell, C Murray Skeaff, Lee Hooper. (2014) Pre-ordering lunch at work. CrossRef 181 Katherine Esposito, Maria Ida Maiorino, Michela Petrizzo, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano. (2014) Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. CrossRef 15 Daniela Kahlert, Annelie Unyi-Reicherz, Gareth Stratton, Thomas Meinert Larsen, Mikael Fogelholm, Anne Raben, Wolfgang Schlicht. (2016) Risk Differences Between Prediabetes And Diabetes According To Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Nickols-Richardson. Results Participants Of 1638 participants who were screened, 811 (50%) were randomly assigned to a diet, and 645 (80% of those assigned) completed the study (i. (2016) The Effectiveness of Different Diet Strategies to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Youth. (2016) Adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets in relation to weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors. (2014) Differences in Weight Loss Across Different BMI Classes:A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Interventions with Diet and Exercise. (2015) The effect of a low-energy food foam on appetite measures during a 1-day reduced-energy meal plan. Seeley, Tamara Darsow, Erika Gebel Berg, Steven R. (2014) When and why carbohydrate restriction can be a viable option. D. Sidney Barritt, Yvon Calmus, Olivier Scatton, Thomas Runge, Pascal Lebray, Thierry Poynard, Vlad Ratziu, Filomena Conti. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM. CrossRef 178 (2014) Expert panel report: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. (2016) Dietary patterns in weight loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study. We used families as the unit of randomization, since we thought that adult participants would be more likely to adhere to the diet if the entire family had the same diet. Study participants were instructed to maintain their weight loss during this phase, although further weight reduction was allowed. (2014) A Brief Review of Critical Processes in Exercise-Induced Muscular Hypertrophy. (2016) Meta-analysis of variance: an illustration comparing the effects of two dietary interventions on variability in weight. Results for nonobese adults and children in the study families are not reported here. Rothman, Donna Ryan. CrossRef 34 Johanna H. Mintz, Laura Schopp. CrossRef 207 Sophie Hawkesworth, Andrew M. The diets improved lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels. Dhurandhar. M. Stanner. K. Anastasiou, Eleni Karfopoulou, Mary Yannakoulia. org. (2016) A randomized pilot study of dietary treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. 2015. Food Funct. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 34:3, 185-190. CrossRef 70 Bente Kiens, Arne Astrup. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy 1, 74-75. Siri-Tarino. (2015) Approaches to influencing food choice across the age groups: from children to the elderly. e1-1242. CrossRef 26 John Grizzanti, Hyoung-Gon Lee, Antoni Camins, Merce Pallas, Gemma Casadesus. (2016) Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Disease: The Case for a Long-Term Trial. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. Riccardi, S. This intention-to-treat model provides unbiased results under the assumption that missing data were missing at random. (2015) Sorghum: An Underutilized Cereal Whole Grain with the Potential to Assist in the Prevention of Chronic Disease. Yancy. Bertin, B. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 1, 201-213. The project staff of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute also participated in the development of the protocol, monitoring of progress, interpretation of results, and critical review of the manuscript. Lipworth, E. 67-kg weight loss as an effect of the level of protein or fat in the diet over the 2-year period, assuming a withdrawal rate of 40%. CrossRef 10 Tomomi Yamazaki, Sumire Okawa, Mayumi Takahashi. (2015) Treatment of Obesity in 2015. CrossRef 32 Satya Sharma, Hea Chung, Hyeon Kim, Seong Hong. Provenza, Michel Meuret, Pablo Gregorini. 4 percentage points of total energy in protein content between the high-protein and the low-protein groups and 4. (2016) The effects on weight loss and gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues of very-low carbohydrate and low-fat isoenergetic diets in diet-induced obese mice. CrossRef 194 Arne Astrup, Jennie Brand-Miller. Urban, Sai Krupa Das. Kabagambe. Colombari, A.


Poli. The reported intakes represented differences from target levels of fat, protein, and carbohydrate intake of 8. Pfeiffer, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Petr Hlavaty, Steen Stender, Thomas M. Phillips. Levels of serum lipids, glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were measured at the clinical laboratory at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. The local sponsors and food manufacturers had no influence on the selection of foods found in the two shops, nor were they involved in designing the study or in analyzing and interpreting data. Phipps. Astrup, S. (2016) Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Increased Risk of Heart Failure. (2015) Primary endoscopic therapies for obesity and metabolic diseases. Mean intakes of energy and macronutrients, the glycemic index, and the glycemic load were compared with the use of one-way analysis of variance. De Sousa, Robert J. (2015) ASGE position statement on endoscopic bariatric therapies in clinical practice. The dropout rate (29%) was higher than the expected rate of 20%, 11 possibly owing to difficulty in maintaining motivation in whole families over the course of the 26 weeks of the study. 2016. Johnson, Nikhil V. (2014) Metabolic syndrome and lifestyle modification. 2015. Hill, Mary Yannakoulia. CrossRef 44 Livia S. (2014) Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. (2015) The glycemic index: Reports of its demise have been exaggerated. M. Tack, I. CrossRef 59 Cinthya Wibisono, Yasmine Probst, Elizabeth Neale, Linda Tapsell. Brook Singletary, Adeena Menasha, Clarissa Cooblall, Donald Hantula, Saul Axelrod, Vincent M. The protocol, including the statistical analysis plan, is available with the full text of this article at NEJM. Smilde, Ben van Ommen, Wim H. Gallagher, H. CrossRef 170 N Germain, B Galusca, D Caron-Dorval, J-F Martin, E Pujos-Guillot, Y Boirie, Y Khalfallah, Y Ling, J S Minnion, S R Bloom, J Epelbaum, B Estour. Abstract Background The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. CrossRef 46 J. A review of the experimental and epidemiologic data. Stewart. The calculation of nutrient intake was performed with the use of local food databases, as described previously. (2015) Technology-Assisted Weight Loss Interventions in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Johner, K. Thus, we recognized the need for a large trial that would be designed to overcome the limitations of previous trials and that would compare the effects of three principal dietary macronutrients. The interactions between diet and sex and between diet and type of center were included in the model. (2015) Weight maintenance following the STRIDE lifestyle intervention for individuals taking antipsychotic medications. Olsen. Despite the intensive behavioral counseling in our study, participants had difficulty achieving the goals for macronutrient intake of their assigned group. (2014) Protein leverage and energy intake. (2015) Effect of a 4-week weight maintenance diet on circulating hormone levels: implications for clinical weight loss trials. Data were pooled from the diets for the two factorial comparisons: low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein. (2016) Paradoxical Effects of Fruit on Obesity. Watson. CrossRef 63 Lu Qi. (2016) Functionality of Sugars in Foods and Health. 3-MJ (800-kcal) low-calorie diet. Wadden. (2016) A Review of Population-Level Actions Targeting Reductions in Food Portion Sizes to Address Obesity and Related Non-communicable Diseases. Strategies for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. Stone. Protein and fat intakes overlapped among the groups. (2015) Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. E. (2015) Metabolic Advantages of Higher Protein Diets and Benefits of Dairy Foods on Weight Management, Glycemic Regulation, and Bone. Most of the weight loss occurred in the first 6 months. 2015. Gosby, A. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Johnson, Linda C. CrossRef 54 Roger A. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. CrossRef 77 Arne Astrup. (2016) The Role of Macronutrient Content in the Diet for Weight Management. 4 percentage points, respectively, at 6 months and 6. CrossRef 200 Stephen Anton, John Foreyt, Michael Perri. Preventing Weight Regain after Weight Loss. (2016) Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Atrial Fibrillation: A Need for Definitive Evidence. (2014) Unravelling of the health effects of polyphenols is a complex puzzle complicated by metabolism. We view attendance at counseling sessions as a proxy for commitment to achieving weight loss and for engagement in the program. CrossRef 196 A. (2015) Effects of nutrition education on weight gain prevention: a randomized controlled trial. CrossRef 7 Hans Hauner. CrossRef 24 Xirong Zheng, Jing Deng, Ting Zhang, Jianzhuang Yao, Fang Zheng, Chang-Guo Zhan. Calvar, F. CrossRef 143 Catherine J Metzgar, Sharon M Nickols-Richardson. The analysis also included a comparison of two of the four diets, the diet with the lowest carbohydrate content and the diet with the highest carbohydrate content, and included a test for trend across the four levels of carbohydrates. Whelton, J. 12 In addition, trials of low-carbohydrate diets have reported a very low incidence of urinary ketosis after 6 months, 6,8,12 suggesting that in most overweight people, it is futile to sustain a low intake of carbohydrates. (2015) Medications for weight loss. Ilag. CrossRef 16 Megan Gow, Sarah Garnett, Louise Baur, Natalie Lister. Rothstein. Mordes, Chao Liu, Shuhang Xu. W. (2014) Low carbohydrate diets: going against the grain. (2016) Predictors of weight regain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. , provided a body-weight measurement at 2 years) (Fig. Reavis. (2015) Metabolomic analysis reveals distinct profiles in the plasma and urine of rats fed a high-protein diet. A. In addition, a linear regression analysis was performed to test the main effects of protein and glycemic index separately. 3 to 4. M. (2016) Impact of food supplementation on weight loss in randomised-controlled dietary intervention trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Genotype Modifies Effect of a Weight-Loss Diet on 2-Year Changes of Insulin Resistance: The POUNDS LOST Trial. Deane, Amarjit Saini, Colin Selman, Claire E. 4, and 10. CrossRef 150 E E J G Aller, T M Larsen, H Claus, A K Lindroos, A Kafatos, A Pfeiffer, J A Martinez, T Handjieva-Darlenska, M Kunesova, S Stender, W H M Saris, A Astrup, M A van Baak. Raubenheimer, S. Lifestyle Issues: Diet. H. J. CrossRef 169 Yan Zheng, Lu Qi. I. CrossRef 57 Angelo Tremblay, France Bellisle. The study was powered to detect a 1. (2015) National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. Norman. These changes in risk factors in the intention-to-treat population were about 30 to 40% smaller than the changes seen among participants who provided data at 2 years, reflecting the effect of the imputation of missing values (Table 1 in the Supplementary Appendix ). CrossRef 130 E. Media in This Article Poll Results Contributors Figure 1 Mean Change in Body Weight and Waist Circumference from Baseline to 2 Years According to Dietary Macronutrient Content. High-protein weight-loss diets: are they safe and do they work. CrossRef 156 Anne-Thea McGill. Slavin, Svetlana Zivanovic. CrossRef 148 Je Rossouw. CrossRef 30 Xianwen Shang, David Scott, Allison Hodge, Dallas R. We targeted a difference of 15 glycemic-index units between the high-glycemic-index diets and the low-glycemic-index diets and a difference of 12% of total energy consumed from protein between the high-protein diets and the low-protein diets. Appetite. Hu. Bray, MD: Progress in Obesity—Multidisciplinary Research, Multidimensional Man. (2014) New Pharmacological Treatments for the Management of Obesity. (2015) Inhibition of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice by a High Dietary Protein Intake. Monitoring Food Intake The study participants weighed their food and completed food diaries for 3 consecutive days at the time of screening (9 to 11 weeks before randomized assignment to the maintenance intervention), 4 weeks after randomization, and at the end of the 26-week intervention. There was no significant interaction between the high-protein diets and the low-glycemic-index diets. The ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine was more than 30 in five participants in the average-protein group and in five participants in the high-protein group at 6 months and in seven participants, all in the average-protein groups, at 2 years. CrossRef 140 B. Jebb, Anthony Kafatos, Angeliki Papadaki, Andreas F. Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the Weight Loss Maintenance randomized controlled trial. (2015) The Effect of an Egg Breakfast on Satiety in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Crossover Trial. The Diogenes project was supported by a contract (FP6-2005-513946) from the European Commission Food Quality and Safety Priority of the Sixth Framework Program. (2014) Weight reduction and maintenance with IQP-PV-101: A 12-week randomized controlled study with a 24-week open label period. (2015) Long-term adherence to the New Nordic Diet and the effects on body weight, anthropometry and blood pressure: a 12-month follow-up study. Stefanadis,. Measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion confirmed adherence to the diets (high-protein vs. A method to achieve control of dietary macronutrient composition in ad libitum diets consumed by free-living subjects. 6 kg), as compared with the total weight loss in most studies of similar length. Crowe. L. Coffman, Stephanie Mayer, William S. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet. Ludwig, C. CrossRef 25 Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul, Philip Omotosho, Leonor Corsino, Dana Portenier, Alfonso Torquati. A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. CrossRef 27 P. 2017. Williams, Rachel C. Levine, Stella Savarimuthu, Allison Squires, Joseph Nicholson, Melanie Jay. Obesity research -- limitations of methods, measurements, and medications. Developing a methodology for assigning glycaemic index values to foods consumed across Europe. K. CrossRef 3 A. (2016) Weighing up dietary patterns. Genotype Modifies Effects of Weight-Loss Diets on 2-Year Changes of Central Adiposity and Body Composition: The POUNDS Lost Trial. The Diet, Obesity and Genes (Diogenes) Dietary Study in eight European countries -- a comprehensive design for long-term intervention. Virgil Brown. J. (2014) Specific appetite, energetic and metabolomics responses to fat overfeeding in resistant-to-bodyweight-gain constitutional thinness. (2015) Obesity: Lifestyle management, bariatric surgery, drugs, and the therapeutic exploitation of gut hormones. CrossRef 111 Sigal Sofer, Abraham Eliraz, Zecharia Madar, Oren Froy. 2015. Participants were instructed to record their food and beverage intake in a daily food diary and in a Web-based self-monitoring tool that provided information on how closely their daily food intake met the goals for macronutrients and energy. The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Yancy. McCarthy. We report here the results of the 26-week weight-maintenance intervention phase of the study. Hu, L. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Two-tailed P values of less than 0. Development of phenolic compounds encapsulation techniques as a major challenge for food industry and for health and nutrition fields. Cavanaugh, W. Regain after 6 to 12 months was about 20% of the regain reported in earlier trials. 5 kg of body weight and 0. (2015) Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 28, 547-552. Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 41-52. La Vecchia, G. (2014) Factors associated with choice of a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet during a behavioral weight loss intervention. CrossRef 64 Emily Arentson-Lantz, Stephanie Clairmont, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Angelo Tremblay, Rajavel Elango. Suboptimal adherence, perhaps owing to insufficient knowledge of the content of local foods, may have accounted for the failure to reach the targeted differences in protein and glycemic index. (2015) Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. CrossRef 179 Richard Mattes. (2016) The Effects of Increased Protein Intake on Fullness: A Meta-Analysis and Its Limitations. low-protein), but adherence decreased toward the end of the study. 2015. Amankwaah, Katherene Osei-Boadi Anguah, Ashley Jacobs, Blake L. CrossRef 177 Megan L Gow, Mandy Ho, Tracy L Burrows, Louise A Baur, Laura Stewart, Melinda J Hutchesson, Chris T Cowell, Clare E Collins, Sarah P Garnett. (2014) Differences in weight loss and health outcomes among African Americans and whites in multicentre trials. 02-5215. Yao, K. 11 The study was conducted in eight European countries: Denmark, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Greece (Crete), Germany, Spain, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic. (2015) Our landscapes, our livestock, ourselves: Restoring broken linkages among plants, herbivores, and humans with diets that nourish and satiate. Spiro, S. Carson, J. CrossRef 9 Michelle Crino, Gary Sacks, Jason H. Turner, William S. Ciliberto, D. (2015) Current efforts and trends in the treatment of NASH. (2016) Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. 5 kg at 6 months, which corresponds to a reduction in daily energy intake of approximately 225 kcal. CrossRef 132 Caroline K. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 18:4, 389-394. Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 147-178. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 56:4, 541-590. (2015) Ketogenic Diets for Fat Loss and Exercise Performance. W. (2014) Efficacy of higher protein diets for long-term weight control. Thompson. We caution that these post hoc analyses do not have the strong validity of the main analysis of this controlled trial, which compared randomized groups. 2016. 5 cm of waist circumference ( Figure 2 ). Nichols, Victor J. (2016) Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies. M. Sievenpiper, A. L. King, A. CrossRef 160 Jim Mann, Rachael McLean, Murray Skeaff, Lisa Te Morenga. Thus, two diets were low-fat and two were high-fat, and two were average-protein and two were high-protein, constituting a two-by-two factorial design. W. Buniak, Louis J. 21 Furthermore, a Cochrane meta-analysis of intervention studies showed that there was a 1. CrossRef 62 T. Random assignments to one of four diet groups were generated by the data manager at the coordinating center on request of a study dietitian, after eligibility of a participant was confirmed. Endoluminal Procedures for the Treatment and Management of Bariatric Patients. (2015) Dietary restriction in moderately obese rats improves body size and glucose handling without the renal and hepatic alterations observed with a high-protein diet. (2016) More Frequent Clinic Visits Are Associated with Improved Outcomes for Children with NAFLD. Ogunleye, Arya M. M. Behavioral counseling was integrated into the group and individual sessions to promote adherence to the assigned diets. Figueredo, Etienne J. Gooding, H. Van Den Broeck, T. Rizkalla, J. Local sponsors made financial contributions to the shop centers, which also received a number of foods free of charge from food manufacturers. CrossRef 112 Ulf Elbelt, Tatjana Schuetz, Nina Knoll, Silke Burkert. Wood, R. (NIH publication no. Feldman, C. We explored the association of achieved nutrient intakes with weight loss. However, attendance had a strong association with weight loss, and the association was similar across diet groups. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38:6, 508-554. (2015) Nutrients, satiety, and control of energy intake. 56 kg), and the overall weight loss in all participants who completed the intervention was therefore quite high (10. No diet was considered to be a control diet, and the dietary counseling and the attention that we provided were the same for all diet groups throughout the study period. 28 Several recent trials have also shown that continued contact with participants after weight loss is associated with less regain. Rana, Loki Natarajan. He, L. (2016) Interactions between Starch, Lipids, and Proteins in Foods: Microstructure Control for Glycemic Response Modulation. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Bethesda, MD: National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 2002. Botti, M. Meta-analysis: the effect of dietary counseling for weight loss. (2016) Calorie Restricted High Protein Diets Downregulate Lipogenesis and Lower Intrahepatic Triglyceride Concentrations in Male Rats. Major criteria for exclusion were the presence of diabetes or unstable cardiovascular disease, the use of medications that affect body weight, and insufficient motivation as assessed by interview and questionnaire. The participants were offered group and individual instructional sessions for 2 years. 0, 4. Odense, Denmark: Epidata Association, 2004. 11,12,19,21,26 Substantially diminished adherence after the first few months is typical in weight-loss trials 5,6,8,10-12,19,21,24,26 and occurred between 6 months and 2 years in our trial. CrossRef 152 O. Hollman. (2015) Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial of five different diets. (2016) Weight Regain Following Intentional Weight Loss in Older Adults. CrossRef 127 Vlad Ratziu, Zachary Goodman, Arun Sanyal. (2016) Gut Microbiota and Lifestyle Interventions in NAFLD. (2016) The National Obesity Forum report is an opinion piece not a scientific review. Effects of moderate variations in macronutrient composition on weight loss and reduction in cardiovascular disease risk in obese, insulin-resistant adults. Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Popular diets and over-the-counter dietary aids and their effectiveness in managing obesity. (2015) Health Benefits of Long-Term Weight-Loss Maintenance. Ludwig, Arne Astrup, Walter C. (2016) Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial. (2015) Weight regaining: From statistics and behaviors to physiology and metabolism. M. Depoortere. CrossRef 44 T Wang, T Huang, Y Zheng, J Rood, G A Bray, F M Sacks, L Qi. Ryan. Wing, Terry Davidson, Leonard Epstein, Bret Goodpaster, Kevin D. (2014) Effects of dietary factors on energy regulation: Consideration of multiple- versus single-dietary-factor models. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a low glycemic index were recommended in each diet. Siri-Tarino, Sally Chiu, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M. (2015) Long-term Weight Loss Maintenance. Tan, Stephen R. Benefits of lifestyle modification in the pharmacologic treatment of obesity: a randomized trial. 05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Conigrave, D. , ad libitum diets), in order to test the ability of the diets to regulate appetite and body weight. CrossRef 117 William H Dietz, Louise A Baur, Kevin Hall, Rebecca M Puhl, Elsie M Taveras, Ricardo Uauy, Peter Kopelman. Participants could also eat up to 400 g of vegetables, providing a total, including the low-calorie diet, of 3. Gene-Diet Interaction and Weight Management. (2015) Using new technologies to promote weight management: a randomised controlled trial study protocol. Smith, Robert Ratner. The mean differences among the groups in fat, carbohydrate, or protein intake at 6 months were nevertheless often greater than those in several previous trials comparing diets for weight loss. CrossRef 35 Naji Alamuddin, Thomas A. However, the results indicate that even a modest increase in dietary protein or a modest reduction in glycemic-index values was sufficient to minimize weight regain and promote further weight loss in obese patients after a successful weight-loss diet. (2016) Tracking food intake as bites: Effects on cognitive resources, eating enjoyment, and self-control. Stroeve, Edoardo Saccenti, Jildau Bouwman, Adrie Dane, Katrin Strassburg, Jacques Vervoort, Thomas Hankemeier, Arne Astrup, Age K. Minniti, G. (2014) Diet and lifestyle interventions on lipids: combination with genomics and metabolomics. Dhurandhar. W. CrossRef 189 Stuart M. (2015) Gene-environment interactions and obesity: recent developments and future directions. The American Journal of Medicine 127, 1242. F. CrossRef 20 Ellen E. Aukema. Pasiakos. We performed a sensitivity analysis, assuming a 1-kg weight gain per month in participants who had dropped out of the study. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 56:14, 2362-2369. Davidson, Sara Wilcox. (2016) Postprandial insulin and glucose levels are reduced in healthy subjects when a standardised breakfast meal is supplemented with a filtered sugarcane molasses concentrate. A high-protein intake was associated with weight loss only in the high-protein groups, and a low-fat intake was associated with weight loss only in the low-fat groups. Kuchenbecker, Annemieke Hoek. The control diet was designed according to guidelines in each participating country and provided a slightly higher proportion of calories from protein than that in the low-protein groups (19% vs. R. Frongillo. A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. CrossRef 100 Preeshila Behary, Jaimini Cegla, Tricia M. CrossRef 24 Alice S. It is therefore not surprising that attendance at group sessions was strongly related to adherence to high-protein or low-fat goals but not to the goals in the average-protein or high-fat groups. CrossRef 180 Michael Liebman. Steensels, L. (2015) Saturated Fats Versus Polyunsaturated Fats Versus Carbohydrates for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. B. Hills, N. CrossRef 80 Qibin Qi, Yan Zheng, Tao Huang, Jennifer Rood, George A. (2014) Impact of dietary macronutrient distribution on BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. e19. J. Di Bonito, G. CrossRef 36 Santiago Navas-Carretero, Claus Holst, Wim H. Smith, Robert Ratner. Millen, Cathy A. Bemelmans. Bertin, B. CrossRef 3 Hui-Jie Zhang, Ling-Ling Pan, Zhi-Min Ma, Zheng Chen, Zhu-Feng Huang, Qian Sun, Yan Lu, Cheng-Kun Han, Ming-Zhu Lin, Xue-Jun Li, Shu-Yu Yang, Xiao-Ying Li. Appetite. M. Media in This Article Figure 1 Screening, Randomization, and Follow-up of Study Participants. Fasting blood samples, 24-hour urine samples, and measurement of resting metabolic rate were obtained on 1 day, and blood-pressure measurement on 2 days, at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years. The overall study leaders, together with the principal investigator at each study center, designed the study. (2015) National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. Sacks, Wanda J. 1,2,26 Investigators and staff who measured outcomes were unaware of the diet assignment of the participants. (2015) Protein: A nutrient in focus. Liu, G. Thus, the participants assigned to an average-protein or high-fat diet did not have to change their customary level of dietary protein and fat very much and could focus more on reducing dietary intake. The European Commission Food Quality and Safety Priority of the Sixth Framework Programme (the main sponsor of the study) had no role in the design of the study or in the analysis or interpretation of the data. CrossRef 15 Danny Weathers, Jennifer Christie Siemens, Steven W. Geiker. Heath, Kim C. (2015) The role of higher protein diets in weight control and obesity-related comorbidities. The effect of dietary glycemic index on weight maintenance in overweight subjects: a pilot study. Alfredo Martinez. Bazzano. (2014) Comparison of Weight Loss and Body Composition Changes in Morbidly Obese Taiwanese Patients with Different Bariatric Surgeries: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins, 13-25. (2015) Self-Directed Weight Loss Strategies: Energy Expenditure Due to Physical Activity Is Not Increased to Achieve Intended Weight Loss. (2016) Food preferences and weight change during low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. 7 kg less body weight than did the low-protein groups (P Adverse Events Four serious adverse events were reported during the weight-maintenance period. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, June Stevens, Victor J. Libra, G. (2016) Carbohydrate quantity and quality and cardio-metabolic risk. CrossRef 43 Kayoung Lee. (2014) Reply: Totality of evidence needed for nutrition recommendations. Wareham, Nita G. K. CrossRef 131 Sanne Kellebjerg Poulsen, Charlotte Crone, Arne Astrup, Thomas Meinert Larsen. CrossRef 47 Yasuyuki Nakamura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Nagako Okuda, Katsuyuki Miura, Yoshikuni Kita, Naoko Miyagawa, Katsushi Yoshita, Hideaki Nakagawa, Kiyomi Sakata, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Tomonori Okamura, Akira Okayama, Sohel R. Perri. Siri-Tarino. Mattes. Daily meal plans in 2-week blocks were provided (see the Supplementary Appendix ). gov number, NCT00072995. Jonnalagadda, Michael Larsen, Christopher C. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 35:1, 20-30. The control diet, which followed dietary guidelines in each participating country, had a moderate protein content and did not include instructions to participants with respect to the glycemic index. Weight regain in our study was relatively low (0. Associations between adherence to the fat and protein goals and weight loss were also explored in post hoc analyses (see Methods in the Supplementary Appendix ). CrossRef 42 Carol Lam, Robert Bandsma, Simon Ling, Marialena Mouzaki. Ito, Harold E. Gene-Diet Interaction and Weight Management. (2014) Diet during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain. Greenway, Nikhil V. Attendance at group sessions was associated with adherence to the fat and protein goals only in the high-protein and low-fat groups ( Figure 4 ). The groups did not differ significantly with respect to diet-related adverse events. 2 MJ (800 to 1000 kcal) per day. (2016) Designing food delivery systems: challenges related to the in vitro methods employed to determine the fate of bioactives in the gut. (2015) Concentrating carbohydrates before sleep improves feeding regulation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice. (2014) The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. NALLIAH, PRASHANTHAN SANDERS, JONATHAN M. Randomized trial of protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, 734-760. 2016. 2016. Devassy, Stephanie P. CrossRef 57 Lorayne Robertson, Joli Scheidler-Benns. CrossRef 56 Qiyang Shou, Fangming Chen, Yueqin Cai, Shanxin Zhang, Jue Tu, Lizong Zhang, Dejun Wang, Jianchao Wang, Minli Chen, Huiying Fu. Ard, Gary Miller, Scott Kahan. Results of the what to eat for lunch study. (2014) Management of fatty liver disease with the metabolic syndrome. In the shop centers, the high-protein groups gained 2. CrossRef 124 Yehuda Handelsman, Zachary Bloomgarden, George Grunberger, Guillermo Umpierrez, Robert Zimmerman, Timothy Bailey, Lawrence Blonde, George Bray, A. CrossRef 6 Nicola Guess. 17 The model considered all available weight recordings during the intervention for all participants who underwent randomization and assumed that the weight changes in participants who dropped out of the study followed the same course. Calvar, F. (2015) Personality, attrition and weight loss in treatment seeking women with obesity. Kopp. Jouret, R. In contrast, the participants in the high-protein or low-fat groups had more challenging dietary goals. (2015) Biologic Responses to Weight Loss and Weight Regain: Report From an American Diabetes Association Research Symposium. CrossRef 198 A. CrossRef 154 Megan A. C. The completion analysis, which included all participants for whom data were available from both the time of randomization and the end of the trial intervention, was performed with the use of analysis of covariance. (2016) Effects of diet composition on weight loss, metabolic factors and biomarkers in a 1-year weight loss intervention in obese women examined by baseline insulin resistance status. Comparison of a low carbohydrate and low fat diet for weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults enrolled in a clinical weight management program. Jones, Penny Kris-Etherton, Geeta Sikand, Ralph La Forge, Stephen R. CrossRef 155 Emilie Daoud, Celena Scheede-Bergdahl, Andreas Bergdahl. CrossRef 168 Lu Qi. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. CrossRef 167 (2014) Chapter 1 Assessment and Risk Management of Menopausal Women. A. Roos, Nigel K. Lifestyle Intervention for Resumption of Ovulation in Anovulatory Women with Obesity and Infertility. Rolls, R. CrossRef 193 T. (2014) Energy intake and obesity: Ingestive frequency outweighs portion size. (2015) Biologic Responses to Weight Loss and Weight Regain: Report From an American Diabetes Association Research Symposium. Saris. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Human Health and Disease Prevention, 327-340. The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review. Figure 2 Mean Changes in Body Weight and Waist Circumference at Various Time Points. Methods Study Protocol The study design, methods, and procedures have been described in detail previously. CrossRef 66 Patrick Wilson. Bays, W. Sharma. CrossRef 104 Lu Qi. Effects of total fat intake on body weight. The population was diverse with respect to age, income, and geography and included a large percentage of men. Jenkins, M. Thus, the change in body weight that was observed in the control group was as expected, given the protein content and glycemic-index value of the diet. e18. Simpson. Nolan-Clark. (2015) Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin